30 Essential HTML and CSS Interview Questions
Preparing for an HTML and CSS interview can be daunting. To help you get ready, we have compiled a list of 30 essential questions you might encounter, along with brief explanations. These questions cover the fundamentals, as well as more advanced topics, to ensure you are well-prepared for your interview.
1. What is HTML?
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language for creating web pages. It structures the content on the web and is used to build the backbone of websites.
2. What are the main components of an HTML document?
The main components are:
<!DOCTYPE html>: Defines the document type.
<html>: The root element.
<head>: Contains meta-information about the document.
<body>: Contains the content of the document.
3. Explain the difference between HTML and XHTML.
HTML is more flexible and forgiving with syntax, while XHTML (Extensible HyperText Markup Language) is stricter and must be well-formed. XHTML is a blend of HTML and XML.
4. What are HTML5 semantic elements?
Semantic elements provide meaningful context to the content, such as <header>, <footer>, <article>, <section>, and <nav>.
5. How do you embed a video in an HTML document?
You can use the <video> tag:
6. What is the purpose of the <meta> tag?
The <meta> tag provides metadata about the HTML document, such as character set, author, description, and keywords.
7. Explain the difference between inline and block elements.
Inline elements do not start on a new line and only take up as much width as necessary (e.g., <span>, <a>), while block elements start on a new line and take up the full width available (e.g., <div>, <p>).
8. What are HTML attributes?
Attributes provide additional information about an element, such as id, class, style, href, etc.
9. How do you create a hyperlink in HTML?
You use the <a> tag with the href attribute:
10. What is the purpose of the <title> tag?
The <title> tag sets the title of the web page, which appears in the browser’s title bar or tab.
11. Explain the difference between <div> and <span> tags.
<div> is a block-level element used to group content, while <span> is an inline element used to group text within an element.
12. What are void elements in HTML?
Void elements are self-closing elements that do not have closing tags, such as <img>, <input>, <br>, <hr>, etc.
13. How do you create a form in HTML?
You use the <form> tag along with input elements:
14. What is the purpose of the <input> tag?
The <input> tag is used to create input fields within a form, such as text boxes, checkboxes, radio buttons, and submit buttons.
15. Explain the difference between <a> and <link> tags.
The <a> tag creates hyperlinks, while the <link> tag is used to link external resources like stylesheets and icons.
16. What is CSS?
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a style sheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in HTML or XML.
17. Explain the CSS box model.
The box model consists of margins, borders, padding, and the content area. It defines the spacing around and inside HTML elements.
18. What are the different types of CSS?
There are three types:
1. External CSS: Linked to an HTML document using the <link> tag.
2. Inline CSS: Applied directly within an HTML element using the style attribute.
3. Internal CSS: Defined within the <style> tag in the <head> section.
19. Explain the difference between class and id selectors.
Class selectors are denoted by a dot (.) and can be used multiple times within a document. ID selectors are denoted by a hash (#) and must be unique within a document.
20. How does specificity work in CSS?
Specificity determines which CSS rule is applied when multiple rules target the same element. Inline styles have the highest specificity, followed by ID selectors, class selectors, and element selectors.
21. What is Flexbox, and how does it differ from CSS Grid?
Flexbox is a one-dimensional layout model for arranging items in a row or column. CSS Grid is a two-dimensional layout model that allows for more complex layouts, including rows and columns.
22. How can you center an element horizontally and vertically using CSS?
Using Flexbox:
23. What is the purpose of the @media rule?
The @media rule is used to apply different styles based on the screen size or device characteristics, enabling responsive design.
24. Explain the difference between inline, internal, and external CSS.
Inline CSS is applied directly within an HTML element. Internal CSS is defined within the <style> tag in the document’s <head>. External CSS is linked using the <link> tag, allowing the same stylesheet to be used across multiple documents.
25. What are CSS frameworks?
CSS frameworks are pre-prepared libraries that help design web pages more efficiently. Examples include Bootstrap, Foundation, and Bulma.
26. How do you create a responsive design using CSS?
Responsive design can be achieved using fluid grids, flexible images, and media queries to adapt the layout to different screen sizes.
27. What is the purpose of the :hover pseudo-class?
The :hover pseudo-class applies styles to an element when the user hovers over it with a mouse.
28. Explain the difference between margin and padding.
Margin is the space outside an element’s border, while padding is the space inside the element’s border, between the content and the border.
29. What is the CSS box-sizing property?
The box-sizing property defines how the total width and height of an element are calculated. The border-box value includes padding and border in the element’s total width and height, whereas content-box does not.
30. How do you use CSS animations?
CSS animations are used to create smooth transitions and animations:
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